Fuel injection device



sept. 12, 1939. H. v. HONN 2,172,383

FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed March 25, 1956 @/3' 33 V 25' l INVENTOR.

7L. aq A HAR/ AN VERNE HoN/v .az 30 BY O y u '2 M o '29 C ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept. 1.2, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

This invention relates to fuel injectors for inF ternal combustionengines, particularly of the Diesel type, and has for its objects theprovision of improved means for efficiently preheating fuel 5 chargesto. substantially the fuel ignitionVV temperature immediately prior toinjection of the In the drawing, Fig. 1 represents a vertical (Asectional view of my device mounted in the head of a power cylinder,certain portions of the device being in elevation.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of my improved fuel' injectornozzle.

'Fig-3 is a planview of one form of a portion of my injector nozzleshowing the/shape of the passageway formed therein. '1

In detail, I is the upper portion of a power cylinder, 2 is a pistontherein and 3 is the cylinder head secured to the cylinder in theconventional manner, the cylinder and head being jacketed for water, asis usual.

Removably secured within an opening formed in head 3 is a verticallyextending body 4 formed with a vertical passageway 5 therein. The body lis threadedly secured at 6 within the opening into the head below thethreads at its lower end and projects above the head at its upper end.The passageway 5 communicates at its upper end with a-laterally directedopening 'l formed 3 5 in a horizontal tubular valve member 8, whichmember is tapered around its outer side at the end of the opening 'l toseat against a taper seat' formed in the body l adjacent the upper endof passageway 5.

The valve member 8 is slidably mounted within a tubular casing 9 and isurged to seat at its tapered end against the taper seat in the body by arelatively heavy, stiif coil spring I adapted to react between the endof the valve member 45 opposite the tapered end and a shoulder formedtween the bore of tubular valve member 8 and the portion of bore I ofcasing 9 in which the 55 spring Il is mounted. Theouter end of casingtion. Other objects and advantages will appear in` the cylinder head andextends downwardlyV I5 is provided with an inlet lIIS from which extendsa pressure line I'l that leads to a conventional fuel pressure pump asused in Diesel type engines for pumping the fuel,'which pump has aconventional unloadingv valve. 5 No claims to specific structure aremade as to the unloading valve assembly, the present showing beingmerely illustrative of the type in which fuel is intermittently passedtoward the fuel injection upon predetermined pressure increases in 10the fuel line and which valve is adapted to automatically relieve excesspressure in the line leading therefrom to the 4fuel injector.

The lower end of body l is finished with a at ground seat for sealingwith the similarly inished l5 upper end of a tubular block I8 extendingdownwardly in axial alignment with the body. The upper surface of saidblock is formed with an annular channel I9 adapted to register with thelower open end of passageway 5.

The lower end of tubular block I8 is finished with a fiat ground seatfor sealing against a similarly at upper surface of a horizontal disk20, the upper side of which disk is formed with a volute or planespiraliform channel 2| sub- 25 stantially U-shape in cross section (seeFig. 3). The outer end of said channel commences adjacent, but inwardly,of the outer edge of the disk 20Yarnd terminates at its inner endadjacentl the axis of the disk at one side thereof and its length isproportional to its width, consisting of one or several turns around theaxis, much the same as the spiral ornaments which form lthe principaldistinction of the Ionic capital.

I A vertical passageway 22 is formed in the wall 35 of block I8 andcommunicates at its opposite ends between the annular channel IS and theouter end of channel 2l in the disk. A

'I'he body I, block I8 and disk 20 are all firmly secured together withthe ground surfaces of each of the parts in sealing engagement by atubular sleeve 23 enclosing thel lateral sides ofy blockandA disk, andthreadedly engaging the lower end of the body I at the upper end of thesleeve. "The lower end of sleeve 23 is slightly 45V.

turned axially inwardlyto engage in the rabbetted lowei` peripheral edgeof disk 20, thus leaving substantially the entire lower surface of disk-20 exposed, particularly that area. of the disk below the channelv 2l.50

The vertically extending bore 24 of the tubular block I8` is taperedinwardly adjacent its' lower end at 25 to provide a valve seat, and therestricted open end' ofthe tapered portion of the bore communicatesvwith a central restricted dis- Spaced above the tapered end 29 thevalve member is formed with a tapered shoulder 3| that is spaced fromthe seat when the end 29 engages the lower end of said seat, thusproviding an annular space 32 between the upper portion of seat 25 andthe shoulder 3l.

' An annular axially inwardly opening U-shaped channel 33 is formed inthe wall of bore 24 adjacent'the juncture of seat 25 therewith, and oneor more vertical ducts 34, preferably three substantially equally spacedducts, communicate at opposite ends respectively with the channel 2| andthe channel 33, the ends opening into the channel 33, at the inner endof said channel in close proximity to the orifice 26, as at the pointsmarked X in Figure 3. A

'I'he valve member 28 is held seated against the seat 25 by a relativelystiff coil spring 38 ina housing 31 at the upper end of the body 4,which spring is calibrated to open under a predetermined fluid pressurereacting against the shoulder 3l of the valve member 28, a rod 38connecting between said valve member 'and spring, and a relief line 39connects with the body I4 in which spring 36 is positioned to permit therelease of any fluid passing the valve member 38 to the upper'end of thebody.

In actual installation, with the body 4 secured in position,l the disk28 is at theunder side of the cylinder head, which head is preferablyrecessed at 48 in order to space the disk away from the water cooledwalls of thehead, or the disk may 75 from the water cooled walls of thecylinder head,

Y into channel 2 I project into the cylinder and the head of the pistonmay be recessed to avoid interference.A

therewith,

While the disk 28 is shown as an element removable from the body I, itmay, of course, be integrally connected thereto by welding or thecylindrical plug and disk may be of the same material and in a singlepiece.

In operation, the metering pressure pump, not A -tently and momentarilylift with each pressure impulse on the fuel and the fuel charge inchannel 2|"nearest the orifice will be ejected through said ducts 34 andorifice 25 directly into the cylinder. Thereafter the valve 28 willimmediately close and valve member 8 will close, trapping the fuel inlthe passageways 5, 22 and channel 2| under an elevated pressure,slightly less than the maximum pressure for lifting valve 28, since thepressure at the intake rapidly falls between impulses due to unloadingvalve in pump.

'Ihe disk 23 is preferably of material having great tensile strength andhigh conductivity, such as the alloys used in the manufacture of arewelding electrodes, and since the disk is air insulated the fuel withinthe channel 2| will be preheated to substantially ignition temperatureof the fuel and even higher than the ignition temperature of the ,fuelwhen under atmospheric pressure, since the disk 20 is directly exposedto the heat developed by compression and combustion of fuel chargeswithin the cylinder. However, it is obvious that the fuel, betweeninjection into the cylinder, being under relatively high pressure, ismaintained therein below the boiling point of the fuel but upon thevalve 28 releasing a highly preheated charge or charges of fuel from thechannel or reservoir 2| into the cylinder, the fuel will immediately andprogressively burn as it is discharged into the cylinder instead of asudden ignition of the full charge, which latter condition is highlyobjectionable and has heretofore rendered the Diesel type engineunsuitable for many purposes. f

The term substantially multi-annular" in the claims refers to a spiralshape ora plurality of connected concentric rings 'suchpais shown inFigure 3. s v

The foregoing designations are not intended to limit me to the precisestructure shown, but are intended to cover all forms of structure thatmay come within the scope of the invention.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a sleevemember, a disk seated in the substantially open end of said sleeve, anaxial orifice through said disk, a volute channel in the inner surfaceof said disk, a block member in said sleeve member bearing against saiddisk,-v

said block member having a vertical bore adjacent its circumferentialedge in registry with the outer end of said channel in said disk todefine an inlet passage thereto and an axial bore in alignment with theorifice in said disk, the lower end of said last-named bore in saidblock member Abeing tapered to provide a valve seat, a valve in saidaxial bore in said block member, an annular inwardly opening U-shapedchannel formed in said block member at the juncture of the axial boretherein and the tapered valve seat, and a plurality of passageways insaid block member establish,- ing communication between said annularchannel and the inner end of the channel in said disk.

2. In a fuel injection nozzle of the class described, a sleeve member, adisk retained inone end o f said sleeve member, an axial orifice throughsaid disk, a volute channel in the inner face of said disk, a blockmember in said sleeve member above and bearing against said disk toclose the channel therein and thereby deilne a fuel duct, a fuel inletpassage in said block in communication with the outer end of said duct avolute channel in the inner face of said disk,

a valve therein, and a plurality of passageways in said blockestablishing communication between the inner end of the duct in saiddisk and the orifice therein through the valve bore in said block uponoperation of the valve.

4. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a sleevemember, a disk retained in one end of said sleeve member, an axial oricethrough said disk, a volute channel in the inner face of said disk, atubular block member in said sleeve member above and bearing againstsaid disk to close the channel therein and thereby define a fuel duct, afuel inlet passageway in said block in communication with the outerendof said duct in said disk,means for valving successive fuel chargestherethrough, an 'axial valve -bore in said block in alignment with saidorifice in said disk, a plurality of passageways in said blockestablishing communication between thev inner end of the duct and theorifice in saidl disk, and valve means in said valve bore in said blockmember to pass successive fuel charges received from said duct throughtht orice in said disk.

5. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk havingan axial orifice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, ablock member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover saidchannel and thereby dene a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in saidblock in communication with the outer end of said duct in said disk,means for valving successive charges of fuel therethrough, an axialvalve bore in said block in alignment with the orifice in said disk,passageways in said block establishing communication between the innerend of th duct d the orifice in the disk through said valve bore, andvalve means in said valve bore in said block member to pass successivefuel charges through the orifice in said disk.

A6. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk havingan axial orice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, ablock member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover -saidchannel and thereby dene a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in saidblock in communication with the outer end of said duct in said disk,means for valving successive charges of fuel therethrough, an axialvalve bore in said block in alignment with the orice in said disk,passageways in said block establishw ing communication between the innerend of the duct and the' orice in the disk through said valve bore,valve means in said valve bore in said block member to pass successivefuel charges through the orifice in said disk, and means for retainingthe block and disk member in juxtaposition.

7. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk havingan axial orifice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, ablock member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover saidchannel and thereby define a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in saidblock in communication with the outer end of the duct in the disk, anaxial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orifice in saiddisk, and passageways in said block establishing communication betweenthe inner end of the ductv and the orifice in the disk through saidvalve bore.

8. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk havingan axial orifice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, ablock member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover saidchannel and thereby dene a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in saidblock in communication with the outer end of the duct in the disk, anaxial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orii'lce in saiddisk, passageways in said block establishing communication between theinner end of the duct and the vorifice in the disk through said valvebore, and retainer means to keep said block and said disk injuxtaposition.

9. In a fuel injection nozzle of the character described, a disk havingan axial orice therethrough and a volute channel in its inner face, ablock member bearing against the inner face of said disk to cover saidchannel and thereby define a fuel duct, a fuel inlet passageway in saidblock in communication with the outer end of the duct in the disk, anaxial valve bore in said block in alignment with the orifice in saiddisk, passageways in said block establishing communication between theinner end of the duct and the orice in the disk through said valve bore,retainer means to keep said block and said disk in juxtaposition, valvemeans in the valve bore in said block, and means for operating saidvalve means. V

HABLAN VERNE BONN. w

